Meanings of key photovoltaic module parameters

1.Voc (V) – Open-circuit voltage: The voltage across the module under no load (zero current), representing the maximum voltage the module can generate.
2.Isc (A) – Short-circuit current: The current flowing through the module when a short circuit occurs at the output (zero voltage), indicating the maximum current the module can produce.
3.Pmp (W) – Maximum power: The highest electrical power a solar module can deliver under STC or NOCT conditions, serving as the key metric for evaluating its energy generation capacity—the higher the value, the greater the output capability.
4.Vmp (V) – Maximum power voltage: The operating voltage at which the module delivers maximum power, required for MPPT functionality to lock onto this value.
5.Imp (A) – Maximum power current: The operating current at maximum power output, combined with Vmp to determine the maximum power Pmp (Pmp = Vmp × Imp).




6.ηm (%) – Module efficiency: The efficiency of a solar module, defined as its ability to convert solar energy into electrical energy. Calculated as: ηm = (Pmp / (module area × 1000)) × 100%. Higher efficiency yields greater power output per unit area.